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- NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is
- being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.
- The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been
- prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.
- See United States v. Detroit Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337.
-
- SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
-
- Syllabus
-
- DOGGETT v. UNITED STATES
- certiorari to the united states court of appeals for
- the eleventh circuit
- No. 90-857. Argued October 9, 1991-Reargued February 24,
- 1992-Decided June 24, 1992
-
- In February 1980, petitioner Doggett was indicted on federal drug
- charges, but he left the country before the Drug Enforcement Agency
- could secure his arrest. The DEA knew that he was later imprisoned
- in Panama, but after requesting that he be expelled back to the
- United States, never followed up on his status. Once the DEA
- discovered that he had left Panama for Colombia, it made no further
- attempt to locate him. Thus, it was unaware that he reentered this
- country in 1982 and subsequently married, earned a college degree,
- found steady employment, lived openly under his own name, and
- stayed within the law. The Marshal's Service eventually located him
- during a simple credit check on individuals with outstanding war-
- rants. He was arrested in September 1988, 8- years after his
- indictment. He moved to dismiss the indictment on the ground that
- the Government's failure to prosecute him earlier violated his Sixth
- Amendment right to a speedy trial, but the District Court denied the
- motion, and he entered a conditional guilty plea. The Court of
- Appeals affirmed.
- Held:The delay between Doggett's indictment and arrest violated his
- right to a speedy trial. His claim meets the Barker v. Wingo,
- 407 U.S. 514, 530, criteria for evaluating speedy trial claims. First,
- the extraordinary 8- year lag between his indictment and arrest
- clearly suffices to trigger the speedy trial enquiry. Second, the
- Government was to blame for the delay. The District Court's finding
- that the Government was negligent in pursuing Doggett should be
- viewed with considerable deference, and neither the Government nor
- the record provides any reason to reject that finding. Third, Doggett
- asserted in due course his right to a speedy trial. The courts below
- found that he did not know of his indictment before his arrest, and,
- in the factual basis supporting his guilty plea, the Government
- essentially conceded this point. Finally, the negligent delay between
- Doggett's indictment and arrest presumptively prejudiced his ability
- to prepare an adequate defense. The Government errs in arguing
- that the Speedy Trial Clause does not significantly protect a defend-
- ant's interest in fair adjudication. United States v. Marion, 404 U.S.
- 307, 320-323; United States v. MacDonald, 456 U.S. 1, 8; United
- States v. Loud Hawk, 474 U.S. 302, 312, distinguished. Nor does
- Doggett's failure to cite any specifically demonstrable prejudice doom
- his claim, since excessive delay can compromise a trial's reliability in
- unidentifiable ways. Presumptive prejudice is part of the mix of
- relevant Barker factors and increases in importance with the length
- of the delay. Here, the Government's egregious persistence in failing
- to prosecute Doggett is sufficient to warrant granting relief. The
- negligence caused delay six times as long as that generally deemed
- sufficient to trigger judicial review, and the presumption of prejudice
- is neither extenuated, as by Doggett's acquiescence, nor persuasively
- rebutted. Pp. 4-11.
- 906 F.2d 573, reversed and remanded.
-
- Souter, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which White,
- Blackmun, Stevens, and Kennedy, JJ., joined. O'Connor, J., filed a
- dissenting opinion. Thomas, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which
- Rehnquist, C. J., and Scalia, J., joined.
-